Which of the following tasks requires the BACKUP ADMIN authorization?

The task that requires the BACKUP ADMIN authorization is indeed backing up the database without a user interface. This authorization is specifically designed to allow users to perform database backup operations at a higher level of control and responsibility. When a user has BACKUP ADMIN privileges, they are permitted to execute backup commands through SQL statements or command-line interfaces, which provides a way to manage database backups programmatically without a graphical user interface.

In many database systems, backup operations are critical as they ensure data integrity and security. Granting the BACKUP ADMIN authorization means that the user is trusted to handle sensitive data and perform essential tasks without relying on the built-in user interface tools, which is important for automation and integration with other systems.

The other tasks listed, such as altering database configurations, restoring from user-initiated backups, and changing user permissions, typically require different authorizations that focus on database management, restoration processes, or user access management, each demanding specific roles and responsibilities to maintain security and proper governance within the database environment.